Represents a column in a database table.

r"""Represent a table in a database. e.g.:: from sqlalchemy import Table, MetaData, Integer, String, Column metadata = MetaData

The base for all string and character types. In SQL, corresponds to VARCHAR. The `length` field is usually required when the `String` type i

Defines a dependency between two columns. ``ForeignKey`` is specified as an argument to a :class:`_schema.Column` object, e.g.::

A collection of :class:`_schema.Table` objects and their associated schema constructs. Holds a collection of :class:`_schema.Table` objec

Manages persistence operations for ORM-mapped objects. The :class:`_orm.Session` is **not safe for use in concurrent threads.**. See :ref:`se

A table-level INDEX. Defines a composite (one or more column) INDEX. E.g.:: sometable = Table( "sometable",

A type for ``int`` integers.

Generic Enum Type. The :class:`.Enum` type provides a set of possible string values which the column is constrained towards. The :class:

Represents a named database sequence. The :class:`.Sequence` object represents the name and configurational parameters of a database sequence

Represent a PostgreSQL bit string in python. This object is used by the :class:`_postgresql.BIT` type when returning values. :class:`_postg

Defines an identity column, i.e. "GENERATED { ALWAYS | BY DEFAULT } AS IDENTITY" syntax. The :class:`.Identity` construct is an inline constr

Represent a SQL identifier combined with quoting preferences. :class:`.quoted_name` is a Python unicode/str subclass which represents a parti

A table-level FOREIGN KEY constraint. Defines a single column or composite FOREIGN KEY ... REFERENCES constraint. For a no-frills, single col

A table-level UNIQUE constraint. Defines a single column or composite UNIQUE constraint. For a no-frills, single column constraint, adding ``

A table- or column-level CHECK constraint. Can be included in the definition of a Table or Column.

Base for non-integer numeric types, such as ``NUMERIC``, ``FLOAT``, ``DECIMAL``, and other variants. The :class:`.Numeric` datatype when used

Generalized registry for mapping classes. The :class:`_orm.registry` serves as the basis for maintaining a collection of mappings, and provid

A table-level PRIMARY KEY constraint. The :class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` object is present automatically on any :class:`_schema.Table` object

Represents loader options which modify the state of a ORM-enabled :class:`_sql.Select` or a legacy :class:`_query.Query` in order to affect ho

Represent a PostgreSQL range. E.g.:: r = Range(10, 50, bounds="()") The calling style is similar to that of psycopg and psycopg2, i

A grouping of SQL expressions that are returned by a :class:`.Query` under one namespace. The :class:`.Bundle` essentially allows nesting of

A variable length Unicode string type. The :class:`.Unicode` type is a :class:`.String` subclass that assumes input and output strings that m

A PostgreSQL ARRAY literal. This is used to produce ARRAY literals in SQL expressions, e.g.:: from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import

A literal DDL statement. Specifies literal SQL DDL to be executed by the database. DDL objects function as DDL event listeners, and can be s

A configurable :class:`.Session` factory. The :class:`.sessionmaker` factory generates new :class:`.Session` objects when called, creating th

The SQL VARCHAR type.

Represent a CREATE VIEW statement. This creates a new view based on a particular SELECT statement. The schema of the view is based on the col

Represent a SQL Array type. .. note:: This type serves as the basis for all ARRAY operations. However, currently **only the PostgreSQL ba

Represent a CREATE TABLE statement.

A bool datatype. :class:`.Boolean` typically uses BOOLEAN or SMALLINT on the DDL side, and on the Python side deals in ``True`` or ``False``.

Represent a PostgreSQL aggregate order by expression. E.g.:: from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import aggregate_order_by expr

Represent a CREATE TABLE ... AS statement. This creates a new table directly from the output of a SELECT, including its schema and its initia

The SQL CHAR type.

A DDL-specified DEFAULT column value. :class:`.DefaultClause` is a :class:`.FetchedValue` that also generates a "DEFAULT" clause when "CR

Asyncio version of :class:`_orm.Session`. The :class:`_asyncio.AsyncSession` is a proxy for a traditional :class:`_orm.Session` instance.

Defines a generated column, i.e. "GENERATED ALWAYS AS" syntax. The :class:`.Computed` construct is an inline construct added to the argument

Type representing floating point types, such as ``FLOAT`` or ``REAL``. This type returns Python ``float`` objects by default, unless the :par

Represent a SQL JSON type. .. note:: :class:`_types.JSON` is provided as a facade for vendor-specific JSON types. Since it suppor