If the range is for bytes, the length is not None and there is exactly one range and it is satisfiable it returns a ``(start, stop)``

Save the file to a destination path or file object. If the destination is a file object you have to close it yourself after the call.

Send a file from within a directory using :func:`send_file`. This is a secure way to serve files from a folder, such as static files or uploa

Sets a cookie in the client's cookie jar. The server name is required and has to match the one that is also passed to the open call.

Convert the stored values into a cache control header.

Unquote a single etag: >>> unquote_etag('W/"bar"') ('bar', True) >>> unquote_etag('"bar"') ('bar', False) :param etag: the etag

r"""Unquotes a header value. (Reversal of :func:`quote_header_value`). This does not use the real unquoting but what browsers are actually us

Do any setup, then run one step of the watch to populate the initial filesystem state.

Ensure tuple items are all strings or all bytes.

Exhaust the stream by reading until the limit is reached or the client disconnects, yielding each chunk. :param chunk_size: How many

Determine how the script was executed, and return the args needed to execute it again in a new process.

Common behavior for getting the :attr:`form` and :attr:`files` properties. :param name: Name of the internal cached attribute.

Internal password hash helper. Supports plaintext without salt, unsalted and salted passwords. In case salted passwords are used hmac is use

Per RFC 5987/8187, "extended" values may *not* be quoted. This is in keeping with browser implementations. So we test using this function to s

Iterate over a mapping that might have a list of values, yielding all key, value pairs. Almost like iter_multi_items but only allows lists, no

Find the filesystem paths associated with imported modules.

This function exists so __len__ can be implemented more efficiently, saving one list creation from an iterator.

Common behavior for setting the :attr:`form` and :attr:`files` properties. :param name: Name of the internal cached attribute.

Returns a tuple describing the value's specificity.

Helper for the response objects to check if the iterable returned to the WSGI server is not a string.

Returns the content length if available or `None` otherwise.

Called if the connection was closed by the client. By default nothing happens.

Decodes the netloc part into a string.

Delete a cookie. Fails silently if key doesn't exist. :param key: the key (name) of the cookie to be deleted. :param path: if the co

Create a Set-Cookie header without the ``Set-Cookie`` prefix. The return value is usually restricted to ascii as the vast majority of values

The reverse function to :func:`parse_options_header`. :param header: the header to dump :param options: a dict of options to append.

Extract the server's set-cookie headers as cookies into the cookie jar.

Make the response object ready to be pickled. Does the following: * Buffer the response into a list, ignoring :attr:`im

Generate a random string of SALT_CHARS with specified ``length``.

Generates an adhoc SSL context for the development server.

Returns the application iterator for the given environ. Depending on the request method and the current status code the return value

Get the HTML body.

Returns the content length from the WSGI environment as integer. If it's not available or chunked transfer encoding is used, ``None`` is retur

Recreate the URL for a request from the parts in a WSGI environment. The URL is an IRI, not a URI, so it may contain Unicode characters.

Returns a tuple with the location of the file in the form ``(server, location)``. If the netloc is empty in the URL or points to loca

Given an application object this returns a semi-stable 9 digit pin code and a random key. The hope is that this is stable between restarts to

Get a response object. If one was passed to the exception it's returned directly. :param environ: the optional environ for the reque

Returns the final WSGI response as tuple. The first item in the tuple is the application iterator, the second the status and the thir

Imports an object based on a string. This is useful if you want to use import paths as endpoints or something similar. An import path can be

Check if a header is an entity header. .. versionadded:: 0.5 :param header: the header to test. :return: `True` if it's an entity header

Check if a header is an HTTP/1.1 "Hop-by-Hop" header. .. versionadded:: 0.5 :param header: the header to test. :return: `True` if it's a

Check if an etag is strong.

Return an iterator of ``(key, value)`` pairs. :param multi: If set to `True` the iterator returned will have a pair for

Iterate over all rules or the rules of an endpoint. :param endpoint: if provided only the rules for that endpoint ar

Guarantee that the app returns an iterable

Loads SSL context from cert/private key files and optional protocol. Many parameters are directly taken from the API of :py:class:`ssl.SSLCont

Utility to assert a certain number of function calls. :param func: Additional callback for each function call. .. code-block:: python

Creates a redirect URL. :internal:

What should happen if a disconnect is detected? The return value of this function is returned from read functions in case the client

This is called when the stream tries to read past the limit. The return value of this function is returned from the reading function.

* Helper function for shell initialization

Parse an HTTP basic/digest authorization header transmitted by the web browser. The return value is either `None` if the header was invalid or

Parse a cookie from a string. The same key can be provided multiple times, the values are stored in-order. The default :class:`MultiDict` wil

Parses the information from the environment as form data. :param environ: the WSGI environment to be used for parsing. :return: A tup