Convert an IRI to a URI. All non-ASCII and unsafe characters are quoted. If the URL has a domain, it is encoded to Punycode. >>> iri_to_uri('

Iterates over the items of a mapping yielding keys and values without dropping any from more complex structures.

Helper function that creates a plnt app.

Parse an :rfc:`2822` date into a timezone-aware :class:`datetime.datetime` object, or ``None`` if parsing fails. This is a wrapper for :func:

Add a new item to the top of the stack.

Reads one line from the stream.

Safely join zero or more untrusted path components to a base directory to avoid escaping the base directory. :param directory: The trusted ba

Encode a dict of values (either strings or file descriptors or :class:`FileStorage` objects.) into a multipart encoded string stored in a file

URL encode a dict/`MultiDict`. If a value is `None` it will not appear in the result string. Per default only values are encoded into the target

This method can be called by methods that need a sequence. If `mutable` is true, it will also ensure that the response sequence is a

Method used internally to retrieve submitted data. After calling this sets `form` and `files` on the request object to multi dicts fi

Check if a value matches a given accept item.

Adds a new file to the dict. `file` can be a file name or a :class:`file`-like or a :class:`FileStorage` object. :param name: the na

Checks if the request passed the pin test. This returns `True` if the request is trusted on a pin/cookie basis and returns `False` if not.

Check if an etag is part of the set including weak and strong tags.

Returns the full content type string with charset for a mimetype. If the mimetype represents text, the charset parameter will be appended, ot

Get the description.

Get the position of an entry or raise :exc:`ValueError`. :param key: The key to be looked up. .. versionchanged:: 0.5 Thi

Parse an etag header. :param value: the tag header to parse :return: an :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ETags` object.

Sets a new string as response. The value must be a string or bytes. If a string is set it's encoded to the charset of the response (u

Convert a URI to an IRI. All valid UTF-8 characters are unquoted, leaving all reserved and invalid characters quoted. If the URL has a domain,

Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute interpretation of the latter. :param base: the base URL for the join operatio

A :class:`werkzeug.datastructures.CombinedMultiDict` that combines :attr:`args` and :attr:`form`. For GET requests, only ``args`` are

Like :meth:`set` but also supports index/slice based setting.

Helper for the line and chunk iter functions.

ast parse and prefix names with `.` to avoid collision with user vars

Add an etag for the current response if there is none yet. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 SHA-1 is used to generate the value. MD5 may n

Building URLs works pretty much the other way round. Instead of `match` you call `build` and pass it the endpoint and a dict of argum

Return a new property object for a cache header. Useful if you want to add support for a cache extension in a subclass. .. versionchanged:: 2

Adds a function to the internal list of functions that should be called as part of closing down the response. Since 0.7 this function

When passed a quoted tag it will check if this tag is part of the set. If the tag is weak it is checked against weak and strong tags,

Return a deep copy of this object.

Encodes the netloc part to an ASCII safe URL as bytes.

Enforce that the WSGI response is a response object of the current type. Werkzeug will use the :class:`Response` internally in many s

Turn an environ dict back into a builder. Any extra kwargs override the args extracted from the environ. .. versionchanged:: 2.0

Generate an etag for some data. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Use SHA-1. MD5 may not be available in some environments.

Return a tuple in the form ``(etag, is_weak)``. If there is no ETag the return value is ``(None, None)``.

Return the host for the given parameters. This first checks the ``host_header``. If it's not present, then ``server`` is used. The host will

Returns the input stream from the WSGI environment and wraps it in the most sensible way possible. The stream returned is not the raw WSGI str

Convenience method for conditional requests. :param http_range: Range HTTP header :param http_if_range: If-Range HTTP header :param http_i

Wrap a WSGI application so that local data is released automatically after the response has been sent for a request.

Converts the response iterator in a list. By default this happens automatically if required. If `implicit_sequence_conversion` is di

Helper function that creates a new wiki instance.

Displayed if page or revision does not exist.

Parse lists of key, value pairs as described by RFC 2068 Section 2 and convert them into a python dict (or any other mapping object created from

Parse the form data in the environ and return it as tuple in the form ``(stream, form, files)``. You should only call this method if the tran

Parse lists as described by RFC 2068 Section 2. In particular, parse comma-separated lists where the elements of the list may include quoted-