sendErrorResponse sends a standardized error response to the client.

runCmd runs `cmdName` with `args`.

parseErrorResponse attempts to parse the HTTP response body as an ErrorResponse. It returns a formatted error with the error message from the response

Utility function to write JSON response

convertPortForward converts the port forwards from the config to the API format.

FreeCID returns a CID to the pool of available CIDs

CreateTapDevice creates a new tap device with an auto-allocated ID and returns a TapDevice If id is provided, it will attempt to claim that specific I

DestroyTapDevice destroys a tap device and frees its ID.

copyFile copies a file from sourcePath to destPath. Both parent directories should exist before calling this function.

freeTapID returns a tap ID to the pool of available IDs (internal use).

parseKeyFromCmdLine parses a key from the kernel command line. Assumes each key:val is present like key="val" in /proc/cmdline.

setupPortForwardsToVM forwards the given port forwards to the VM.

setupSinglePortForward creates an iptables rule to forward a port and returns the port forward details

waitForCmdServerReady checks if the command server in the guest VM is ready by sending a GET request to it. Returns nil if the command server is ready

AllocateCID allocates and returns the next available CID

AllocatePort allocates and returns the next available port

ClaimCID claims a specific CID from the pool of available CIDs

ClaimIP attempts to claim a specific IP address from the pool. Returns error if the IP is already allocated or not in the subnet.

FreePort returns a port to the pool of available ports

NewCIDAllocator creates a new CID allocator for the given CID range

NewPortAllocator creates a new port allocator for the given port range

allocateTapID allocates a new tap device ID (internal use).

bridgeExists checks if a bridge with the given name exists.

calculateGuestMemorySizeInMB calculates the appropriate memory size for the guest.

calculateVCPUCount returns an appropriate number of vCPUs based on host's CPU count. It ensures the VM has enough CPU resources while not overcommitti

claimID attempts to claim a specific tap ID from the pool It returns an error if the ID is not available or outside the valid range

Download a file from URL to destination.

Create directory if it doesn't exist.

getIPPrefix returns the IP prefix from the given CIDR taking into account the mask.

Returns the tap device name and the guest IP address from the snapshot config.

parseNetworkingMetadata parses the networking metadata from the kernel command line.

parseTapDeviceId extracts the numeric ID from a tap device name. It expects the name to be in the format "tap<id>" where <id> is an integer.

setupBridgeAndFirewall sets up a bridge and firewall rules for the given bridge name, IP address, and subnet.

setupNetworking sets up networking inside the guest.