Append a message to the event log (never mutated later).

Return model config for the given stage name.

Format numeric values for paper-facing prose/tables.

Call the LLM configured for this agent's stage.

Call LLM and parse the response as JSON. Handles LaTeX backslash sequences that break strict JSON parsing.

Load a prompt template and optionally fill variables. Args: category: Subdirectory (e.g., "writing", "review", "ideation") name:

Diagnose a failed job and return file patches.

Match an experiment blueprint against indexed skills. Returns up to *MAX_SKILLS* entries sorted by descending score (keyword overlap

Escape LaTeX special characters in plain text (captions, method names, etc.). Preserves existing LaTeX commands and already-escaped sequences whi

Keep the planner prompt small enough for slow OpenAI-compatible endpoints.

Run a shell command asynchronously with proxy environment.

Capture the pre-mutation state for a target file.

Normalize a dependency specifier to its package name.

Create a configured async HTTP client.

Restore a file to its captured pre-mutation state.

Validate that the selected runtime can execute and import key dependencies.

Return a deduplication key for a paper (prefer ID, fallback to title).

Make an HTTP request with exponential backoff on 429 and 5xx. Args: request_fn: An async callable, e.g. ``client.get`` or ``client.post``

Find the first supported Conda environment manifest.

Return up to *max_hits* ``"line N"`` location strings.

Remove LLM meta-commentary lines from section content. Only removes lines that are *standalone* (i.e. the entire line matches a thinking patt

Atomic write: write to temp file then rename to avoid corruption.

Extract summary metric entries from a flat/nested metrics mapping.

Find the Python executable for a named conda env.

Install dependencies from the best available project manifest. If the project requires PyTorch-family packages and an NVIDIA GPU is d

Check if a Python file has valid syntax via py_compile.

Format citation keys block.

Kill a process and all its descendants. On Windows the venv ``python.exe`` is a thin wrapper that spawns the real interpreter as a child. A

Load config with user-friendly error messages.

Read and validate results/metrics.json from the code directory.

Append a batch of snapshots to the workspace-level repair journal.

Load config from nanoresearch config file, then overlay env vars.

Load workspace with user-friendly error messages.

Resolve a path: if relative and base is set, resolve against base.

Robustly strip markdown code fences from LLM-generated code. Handles edge cases that simple first/last fence stripping misses: - LLM self-cor

Apply revised sections back into the paper LaTeX source. Handles \\section{}, \\subsection{}, and \\subsubsection{}. Searches only af

Return (and lazily create) the rate limiter with the correct rate.

Check if a numeric value is a finite real number.

Invoke usage callback if registered. Never raises.