Creates an Starlette application.

An immutable, case-insensitive multidict.

Jinja2 template renderer. Example: ```python from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates templates = Jinja2Template

An uploaded file included as part of the request data.

Raised by `.url_for(name, **path_params)` and `.url_path_for(name, **path_params)` if no matching route exists.

Handles returning 500 responses when a server error occurs. If 'debug' is set, then traceback responses will be returned, otherwise the

An immutable multidict, containing both file uploads and text input.

A URL path string that may also hold an associated protocol and/or host. Used by the routing to return `url_path_for` matches.

An immutable multidict.

An object that can be used to store arbitrary state. Used for `request.state` and `app.state`.

A base class for incoming HTTP connections, that is used to provide any functionality that is common to both `Request` and `WebSocket`.

A special case of `WebSocketDisconnect`, raised in the `TestClient` if the `WebSocket` is closed before being accepted with a `send_denial_re