An opinionated guide to the best Python frameworks, libraries, tools, and resources.
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Projects
AI & ML
AI and Agents
Libraries for building AI applications, LLM integrations, and autonomous agents.
- Agent Skills
- django-ai-plugins - Django backend agent skills for Django, DRF, Celery, and Django-specific code review.
- graphify - Turn any folder of code, SQL schemas, docs, papers, images, or videos into a queryable knowledge graph.
- nuwa-skill - Nuwa distills the thinking of anyone — let Musk, Naval, Munger, and Feynman work for you.
- sentry-skills - Python-focused engineering skills for code review, debugging, and backend workflows.
- trailofbits-skills - Python-friendly security skills for auditing, testing, and safer backend development.
- Orchestration
- ag2 - An open-source AgentOS for multi-agent orchestration and building agentic AI systems.
- autogen - A programming framework for building agentic AI applications.
- bernstein - A deterministic Python orchestrator for CLI coding agents (Claude Code, Codex, Gemini CLI, and 40+ more) with parallel git worktrees and an HMAC-signed audit chain.
- bindu - A framework that wraps any agent handler with DID-based cryptographic identity, A2A JSON-RPC over HTTP, OAuth2 auth, x402 (USDC) payments, and a built-in operator inbox.
- bub - A lightweight, hook-first Python framework for channel-native agents that live alongside people.
- crewai - A framework for orchestrating role-playing autonomous AI agents for collaborative task solving.
- dspy - A framework for programming, not prompting, language models.
- hermes-agent - An adaptive AI agent framework that grows with you.
- langchain - Building applications with LLMs through composability.
- langgraph - Low-level orchestration framework for building stateful, long-running LLM agents.
- openai-agents - OpenAI's framework for building and managing AI agents.
- OpenChronicle - Open-source, local-first memory for any tool-capable LLM agent.
- promptise - A framework for building end-to-end production-ready agentic systems, scalable & secure MCP's and autonomous agents.
- pydantic-ai - A Python agent framework for building generative AI applications with structured schemas.
- TradingAgents - A multi-agents LLM financial trading framework.
- Data Layer
- instructor - A library for extracting structured data from LLMs, powered by Pydantic.
- llama-index - A data framework for your LLM application.
- mem0 - An intelligent memory layer for AI agents enabling personalized interactions.
- outlines - Structured text generation for LLMs with JSON schema, regex, and grammar-constrained decoding.
- Pre-trained Models and Inference
- diffusers - A library that provides pre-trained diffusion models for generating and editing images, audio, and video.
- LiteLLM - Call 100+ LLMs using OpenAI format.
- mlx-lm - Run and fine-tune large language models on Apple Silicon with MLX.
- sglang - A high-performance serving framework for large language models and multimodal models.
- transformers - A framework that lets you easily use pre-trained transformer models for NLP, vision, and audio tasks.
- unsloth - A library for faster LLM fine-tuning and training with reduced memory usage.
- vllm - A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs.
- Speech
- openai-whisper - A general-purpose automatic speech recognition model trained on 680k hours of multilingual and multitask supervised data.
- funasr - Industrial-grade speech recognition toolkit with 170x realtime speed, 50+ languages, speaker diarization, and emotion detection.
- vibevoice - A family of open-source voice AI models from Microsoft for text-to-speech and long-form speech recognition.
- voxcpm - A tokenizer-free text-to-speech foundation model for multilingual speech generation and voice cloning.
Deep Learning
Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. Also see awesome-deep-learning.
- jax - A library for high-performance numerical computing with automatic differentiation and JIT compilation.
- keras - A high-level deep learning library with support for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends.
- pytorch - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration.
- pytorch-lightning - Deep learning framework to train, deploy, and ship AI products Lightning fast.
- stable-baselines3 - PyTorch implementations of Stable Baselines (deep) reinforcement learning algorithms.
- tensorflow - The most popular Deep Learning framework created by Google.
Machine Learning
Libraries for Machine Learning. Also see awesome-machine-learning.
- catboost - A fast, scalable, high performance gradient boosting on decision trees library.
- feature_engine - sklearn compatible API with the widest toolset for feature engineering and selection.
- h2o - Open Source Fast Scalable Machine Learning Platform.
- lightgbm - A fast, distributed, high performance gradient boosting framework.
- mindsdb - MindsDB is an open source AI layer for existing databases that allows you to effortlessly develop, train and deploy state-of-the-art machine learning models using standard queries.
- pgmpy - A Python library for probabilistic graphical models and Bayesian networks.
- scikit-learn - The most popular Python library for Machine Learning with extensive documentation and community support.
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- scikit-lego - A collection of lego bricks for scikit-learn pipelines.
- spark.ml - Apache Spark's scalable Machine Learning library for distributed computing.
- TabGAN - Synthetic tabular data generation using GANs, Diffusion Models, and LLMs.
- timesfm - A pretrained foundation model from Google Research for time-series forecasting.
- xgboost - A scalable, portable, and distributed gradient boosting library.
Natural Language Processing
Libraries for working with human languages.
- General
- gensim - Topic Modeling for Humans.
- nltk - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data.
- spacy - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython.
- stanza - The Stanford NLP Group's official Python library, supporting 60+ languages.
- Chinese
- funnlp - A collection of tools and datasets for Chinese NLP.
- jieba - The most popular Chinese text segmentation library.
Computer Vision
Libraries for Computer Vision.
- easyocr - Ready-to-use OCR with 40+ languages supported.
- kornia - Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch.
- opencv - Open Source Computer Vision Library.
- pytesseract - A wrapper for Google Tesseract OCR.
- ultralytics - Ultralytics YOLO for object detection, segmentation, pose estimation, and classification with state-of-the-art accuracy and speed.
Recommender Systems
Libraries for building recommender systems.
- annoy - Approximate Nearest Neighbors in C++/Python optimized for memory usage.
- implicit - A fast Python implementation of collaborative filtering for implicit datasets.
- scikit-surprise - A scikit for building and analyzing recommender systems.
Web Development
Web Frameworks
Traditional full stack web frameworks. Also see Web APIs.
- Synchronous
- bottle - A fast and simple micro-framework distributed as a single file with no dependencies.
- django - The most popular web framework in Python.
- flask - A microframework for Python.