mysql

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Table of Contents

• Install
• Introduction
• Contributors
• Sponsors
• Community
• Establishing connections
• Connection options
• SSL options
• Connection flags
• Terminating connections
• Pooling connections
• Pool options
• Pool events
• acquire
• connection
• enqueue
• release
• Closing all the connections in a pool
• PoolCluster
• PoolCluster options
• Switching users and altering connection state
• Server disconnects
• Performing queries
• Escaping query values
• Escaping query identifiers
• Preparing Queries
• Custom format
• Getting the id of an inserted row
• Getting the number of affected rows
• Getting the number of changed rows
• Getting the connection ID
• Executing queries in parallel
• Streaming query rows
• Piping results with Streams
• Multiple statement queries
• Stored procedures
• Joins with overlapping column names
• Transactions
• Ping
• Timeouts
• Error handling
• Exception Safety
• Type casting
• Number
• Date
• Buffer
• String
• Custom type casting
• Debugging and reporting problems
• Security issues
• Contributing
• Running tests
• Running unit tests
• Running integration tests
• Todo

Install

This is a Node.js module available through the npm registry.

Before installing, download and install Node.js. Node.js 0.6 or higher is required.

Installation is done using the npm install command:

$ npm install mysql

For information about the previous 0.9.x releases, visit the v0.9 branch.

Sometimes I may also ask you to install the latest version from Github to check if a bugfix is working. In this case, please do:

$ npm install mysqljs/mysql

Introduction

This is a node.js driver for mysql. It is written in JavaScript, does not require compiling, and is 100% MIT licensed.

Here is an example on how to use it:

var mysql      = require('mysql');
var connection = mysql.createConnection({
  host     : 'localhost',
  user     : 'me',
  password : 'secret',
  database : 'my_db'
});

connection.connect();

connection.query('SELECT 1 + 1 AS solution', function (error, results, fields) {
  if (error) throw error;
  console.log('The solution is: ', results[0].solution);
});

connection.end();

From this example, you can learn the following:

• Every method you invoke on a connection is queued and executed in sequence.
• Closing the connection is done using end() which makes sure all remaining queries are executed before sending a quit packet to the mysql server.

Contributors

Thanks goes to the people who have contributed code to this module, see the GitHub Contributors page.

Additionally I'd like to thank the following people:

• Andrey Hristov (Oracle) - for helping me with protocol questions.
• Ulf Wendel (Oracle) - for helping me with protocol questions.

Sponsors

The following companies have supported this project financially, allowing me to spend more time on it (ordered by time of contribution):

• Transloadit (my startup, we do file uploading & video encoding as a service, check it out)
• Joyent
• pinkbike.com
• Holiday Extras (they are hiring)
• Newscope (they are hiring)

Community

If you'd like to discuss this module, or ask questions about it, please use one of the following:

• Mailing list: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/node-mysql
• IRC Channel: #node.js (on freenode.net, I pay attention to any message including the term mysql)

Establishing connections

The recommended way to establish a connection is this:

var mysql      = require('mysql');
var connection = mysql.createConnection({
  host     : 'example.org',
  user     : 'bob',
  password : 'secret'
});

connection.connect(function(err) {
  if (err) {
    console.error('error connecting: ' + err.stack);
    return;
  }

  console.log('connected as id ' + connection.threadId);
});

However, a connection can also be implicitly established by invoking a query:

var mysql      = require('mysql');
var connection = mysql.createConnection(...);

connection.query('SELECT 1', function (error, results, fields) {
  if (error) throw error;
  // connected!
});

Depending on how you like to handle your errors, either method may be appropriate. Any type of connection error (handshake or network) is considered a fatal error, see the Error Handling section for more information.

Connection options

When establishing a connection, you can set the following options:

• host: The hostname of the database you are connecting to. (Default: localhost)
• port: The port number to connect to. (Default: 3306)
• localAddress: The source IP address to use for TCP connection. (Optional)
• socketPath: The path to a unix domain socket to connect to. When used host and port are ignored.
• user: The MySQL user to authenticate as.
• password: The password of that MySQL user.
• database: Name of the database to use for this connection (Optional).
• charset: The charset for the connection. This is called "collation" in the SQL-level of MySQL (like utf8_general_ci). If a SQL-level charset is specified (like utf8mb4) then the default collation for that charset is used. (Default: 'UTF8_GENERAL_CI')
• timezone: The timezone configured on the MySQL server. This is used to type cast server date/time values to JavaScript Date object and vice versa. This can be 'local', 'Z', or an offset in the form +HH:MM or -HH:MM. (Default: 'local')
• connectTimeout: The milliseconds before a timeout occurs during the initial connection to the MySQL server. (Default: 10000)
• stringifyObjects: Stringify objects instead of converting to values. See issue #501. (Default: false)
• insecureAuth: Allow connecting to MySQL instances that ask for the old (insecure) authentication method. (Default: false)
• typeCast: Determines if column values should be converted to native JavaScript types. (Default: true)
• queryFormat: A custom query format function. See Custom format.
• supportBigNumbers: When dealing with big numbers (BIGINT and DECIMAL columns) in the database, you should enable this option (Default: false).
• bigNumberStrings: Enabling both supportBigNumbers and bigNumberStrings forces big numbers (BIGINT and DECIMAL columns) to be always returned as JavaScript String objects (Default: false). Enabling supportBigNumbers but leaving bigNumberStrings disabled will return big numbers as String objects only when they cannot be accurately represented with [JavaScript Number objects] (http://ecma262-5.com/ELS5_HTML.htm#Section_8.5) (which happens when they exceed the [-2^53, +2^53] range), otherwise they will be returned as Number objects. This option is ignored if supportBigNumbers is disabled.
• dateStrings: Force date types (TIMESTAMP, DATETIME, DATE) to be returned as strings rather than inflated into JavaScript Date objects. Can be true/false or an array of type names to keep as strings. (Default: false)
• debug: Prints protocol details to stdout. Can be true/false or an array of packet type names that should be printed. (Default: false)
• trace: Generates stack traces on Error to include call site of library entrance ("long stack traces"). Slight performance penalty for most calls. (Default: true)
• localInfile: Allow LOAD DATA INFILE to use the LOCAL modifier. (Default: true)
• multipleStatements: Allow multiple mysql statements per query. Be careful with this, it could increase the scope of SQL injection attacks. (Default: false)
• flags: List of connection flags to use other than the default ones. It is also possible to blacklist default ones. For more information, check Connection Flags.
• ssl: object with ssl parameters or a string containing name of ssl profile. See SSL options.

In addition to passing these options as an object, you can also use a url string. For example:

var connection = mysql.createConnection('mysql://user:pass@host/db?debug=true&charset=BIG5_CHINESE_CI&timezone=-0700');

Note: The query values are first attempted to be parsed as JSON, and if that fails assumed to be plaintext strings.

SSL options

The ssl option in the connection options takes a string or an object. When given a string, it uses one of the predefined SSL profiles included. The following profiles are included:

• "Amazon RDS": this profile is for connecting to an Amazon RDS server and contains the certificates from https://rds.amazonaws.com/doc/rds-ssl-ca-cert.pem and https://s3.amazonaws.com/rds-downloads/rds-combined-ca-bundle.pem

When connecting to other servers, you will need to provide an object of options, in the same format as tls.createSecureContext. Please note the arguments expect a string of the certificate, not a file name to the certificate. Here is a simple example:

var connection = mysql.createConnection({
  host : 'localhost',
  ssl  : {
    ca : fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/mysql-ca.crt')
  }
});

You can also connect to a MySQL server without properly providing the appropriate CA to trust. You should not do this.

var connection = mysql.createConnection({
  host : 'localhost',
  ssl  : {
    // DO NOT DO THIS
    // set up your ca correctly to trust the connection
    rejectUnauthorized: false
  }
});

Connection flags

If, for any reason, you would like to change the default connection flags, you can use the connection option flags. Pass a string with a comma separated list of items to add to the default flags. If you don't want a default flag to be used prepend the flag with a minus sign. To add a flag that is not in the default list, just write the flag name, or prefix it with a plus (case insensitive).

var connection = mysql.createConnection({
  // disable FOUND_ROWS flag, enable IGNORE_SPACE flag
  flags: '-FOUND_ROWS,IGNORE_SPACE'
});

The following flags are available:

• COMPRESS - Enable protocol compression. This feature is not currently supported by the Node.js implementation so cannot be turned on. (Default off)
• CONNECT_WITH_DB - Ability to specify the database on connection. (Default on)
• FOUND_ROWS - Send the found rows instead of the affected rows as affectedRows. (Default on)
• IGNORE_SIGPIPE - Don't issue SIGPIPE if network failures. This flag has no effect on this Node.js implementation. (Default on)
• IGNORE_SPACE - Let the parser ignore spaces before the ( in queries. (Default on)
• INTERACTIVE - Indicates to the MySQL server this is an "interactive" client. This will use the interactive timeouts on the MySQL server and report as interactive in the process list. (Default off)
• LOCAL_FILES - Can use LOAD DATA LOCAL. This flag is controlled by the connection option localInfile. (Default on)
• LONG_FLAG - Longer flags in Protocol::ColumnDefinition320. (Default on)
• LONG_PASSWORD - Use the improved version of Old Password Authentication. (Default on)
• MULTI_RESULTS - Can handle multiple resultsets for queries. (Default on)
• MULTI_STATEMENTS - The client may send multiple statement per query or statement prepare (separated by ;). This flag is controlled by the connection option multipleStatements. (Default off)
• NO_SCHEMA
• ODBC Special handling of ODBC behaviour. This flag has no effect on this Node.js implementation. (Default on)
• PLUGIN_AUTH - Uses the plugin authentication mechanism when connecting to the MySQL server. This feature is not currently supported by the Node.js implementation so cannot be turned on. (Default off)
• PROTOCOL_41 - Uses the 4.1 protocol.