Function nnGradient

NeuralNetwok/NeuralNetwork.py:133–176

(nn_params,input_layer_size,hidden_layer_size,num_labels,X,y,Lambda)

# 梯度
def nnGradient(nn_params,input_layer_size,hidden_layer_size,num_labels,X,y,Lambda):
    length = nn_params.shape[0]
    Theta1 = nn_params[0:hidden_layer_size*(input_layer_size+1)].reshape(hidden_layer_size,input_layer_size+1).copy()   # 这里使用copy函数，否则下面修改Theta的值，nn_params也会一起修改
    Theta2 = nn_params[hidden_layer_size*(input_layer_size+1):length].reshape(num_labels,hidden_layer_size+1).copy()
    m = X.shape[0]
    class_y = np.zeros((m,num_labels))      # 数据的y对应0-9，需要映射为0/1的关系    
    # 映射y
    for i in range(num_labels):
        class_y[:,i] = np.int32(y==i).reshape(1,-1) # 注意reshape(1,-1)才可以赋值
     
    '''去掉theta1和theta2的第一列，因为正则化时从1开始'''
    Theta1_colCount = Theta1.shape[1]    
    Theta1_x = Theta1[:,1:Theta1_colCount]
    Theta2_colCount = Theta2.shape[1]    
    Theta2_x = Theta2[:,1:Theta2_colCount]
    
    Theta1_grad = np.zeros((Theta1.shape))  #第一层到第二层的权重
    Theta2_grad = np.zeros((Theta2.shape))  #第二层到第三层的权重
      
   
    '''正向传播，每次需要补上一列1的偏置bias'''
    a1 = np.hstack((np.ones((m,1)),X))
    z2 = np.dot(a1,np.transpose(Theta1))
    a2 = sigmoid(z2)
    a2 = np.hstack((np.ones((m,1)),a2))
    z3 = np.dot(a2,np.transpose(Theta2))
    h  = sigmoid(z3)
    
    
    '''反向传播，delta为误差，'''
    delta3 = np.zeros((m,num_labels))
    delta2 = np.zeros((m,hidden_layer_size))
    for i in range(m):
        #delta3[i,:] = (h[i,:]-class_y[i,:])*sigmoidGradient(z3[i,:])  # 均方误差的误差率
        delta3[i,:] = h[i,:]-class_y[i,:]                              # 交叉熵误差率
        Theta2_grad = Theta2_grad+np.dot(np.transpose(delta3[i,:].reshape(1,-1)),a2[i,:].reshape(1,-1))
        delta2[i,:] = np.dot(delta3[i,:].reshape(1,-1),Theta2_x)*sigmoidGradient(z2[i,:])
        Theta1_grad = Theta1_grad+np.dot(np.transpose(delta2[i,:].reshape(1,-1)),a1[i,:].reshape(1,-1))
    
    Theta1[:,0] = 0
    Theta2[:,0] = 0          
    '''梯度'''
    grad = (np.vstack((Theta1_grad.reshape(-1,1),Theta2_grad.reshape(-1,1)))+Lambda*np.vstack((Theta1.reshape(-1,1),Theta2.reshape(-1,1))))/m
    return np.ravel(grad)

# S型函数    
def sigmoid(z):