bpfvet

BPF portability analyzer for compiled eBPF object files.

Takes a .bpf.o and tells you: what kernel version you need, what helpers and maps you depend on, how data flows between kernel and userspace, and whether your CO-RE usage is correct.

Works on compiled ELF, not source code. Language-agnostic - C, Rust, Go, Zig all produce BPF ELF with BTF.

Quick start

# Pre-built binary (Linux amd64)
curl -L https://github.com/boratanrikulu/bpfvet/releases/latest/download/bpfvet-linux-amd64 -o bpfvet
chmod +x bpfvet
./bpfvet program.bpf.o

# Or via go install
go install github.com/boratanrikulu/bpfvet/cmd/bpfvet@latest

Pre-built binaries for all platforms: releases.

Example output

$ bpfvet program.bpf.o

Minimum kernel: 5.8
License: GPL
BTF: yes, CO-RE relocations: 2 (vmlinux.h likely used)
Transport: event streaming via RingBuf

Kernel Requirements:
  bpf_ringbuf_output     -> 5.8+
  bpf_probe_read_kernel  -> 5.5+
  bpf_get_current_task   -> 4.8+
  Kprobe program type    -> 4.1+

Maps:
  events  RingBuf  key=0B val=0B max=262144  (5.8+)

Programs:
  my_probe (kprobe/do_sys_openat2, Kprobe, 29 insns)

Multiple files

Analyze multiple variants side by side. Useful for projects that compile different versions for different kernel tiers:

$ bpfvet *.bpf.o

==> good_core.bpf.o <==
Minimum kernel: 5.8
...

==> map_only.bpf.o <==
Minimum kernel: 4.7
...

=============================
Summary
=============================
  good_core.bpf.o                          5.8+
  map_only.bpf.o                           4.7+

Minimum kernel version (all files): 5.8

Portability warnings

When a program accesses kernel structs without CO-RE relocations, bpfvet flags it:

$ bpfvet trace.bpf.o

Minimum kernel: 5.8
License: GPL
BTF: yes, CO-RE relocations: 0 (vmlinux.h may not be used)

WARNINGS:
  ERROR trace.bpf.c:24  Direct access to kernel struct field at offset 1496
    Use BPF_CORE_READ() for portability across kernel versions

Programs:
  bad_probe (kprobe/do_sys_openat2, Kprobe, 11 insns)
    Memory accesses: 1 total (1 KERNEL-DIRECT)

Note: programs built with vmlinux.h (which includes preserve_access_index on all kernel structs) get automatic CO-RE relocations even for direct field access like task->pid. This warning only fires for programs using manually defined structs without CO-RE attributes.

What it analyzes

• Minimum kernel version - computed from helpers, program types, and map types
• Kernel helpers - each helper mapped to its introduction version
• Program types - kprobe (4.1+), sock_ops (4.13+), LSM (5.7+), etc.
• Map types - RingBuf (5.8+), LRUHash (4.10+), PerfEventArray (4.3+), etc.
• BTF and CO-RE - BTF presence, CO-RE relocation count, vmlinux.h usage hint
• Transport - how the program ships data to userspace (PerfEventArray, RingBuf, shared maps)
• Memory access classification - CO-RE protected, context, map-value, kernel-direct, uncategorized
• License - extracted from the BPF object

CLI

bpfvet program.bpf.o              # text report
bpfvet --json program.bpf.o       # JSON (for CI)
bpfvet --verbose program.bpf.o    # per-program helper details
bpfvet *.bpf.o                    # multi-file with summary

CI

Use --json to enforce kernel version targets in CI pipelines. See docs/ci.md for GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, and Makefile examples.

bpfvet --json program.bpf.o | jq -e '.minKernel == "5.4"'

How it works

Parses BPF ELF using cilium/ebpf. Only reads the ELF - never loads into the kernel. Runs on macOS, Linux, and Windows without root.

Building from source

Requires Go 1.24+.

git clone https://github.com/boratanrikulu/bpfvet.git && cd bpfvet
make build
./bin/bpfvet program.bpf.o

Roadmap

• [x] Minimum kernel version from helpers, program types, map types
• [x] CO-RE relocation counting and memory access classification
• [x] BTF presence detection with vmlinux.h hint
• [x] Transport detection (PerfEventArray, RingBuf, maps)
• [x] Non-CO-RE kernel struct access detection
• [x] Source line mapping via BTF
• [x] License reporting
• [x] JSON output for CI
• [x] Multi-file analysis with summary
• [x] Deprecated helper warnings (bpf_probe_read, bpf_perf_event_read, bpf_get_current_task)
• [ ] License + GPL-only helper cross-check
• [ ] Exit with error when issues found (for CI)
• [ ] GitHub Action

License

MIT. See LICENSE.

Copyright (c) 2026 Bora Tanrikulu \<me@bora.sh>