One execution. Returns (seconds, status, payload).

Peek the schema of a single file via `SELECT * FROM '<path>' LIMIT 0`. Returns a synthetic Table with the column names/types the engine's file auto-de

Shortcut: open an in-memory connection and run one query.

Replace bare table references (e.g. FROM hits) with FROM '<data>'.

tdefl_calculate_minimum_redundancy() originally written by: Alistair Moffat, alistair@cs.mu.oz.au, Jyrki Katajainen, jyrki@diku.dk, November 1996. */

Simple PNG writer function by Alex Evans, 2011. Released into the public domain: https://gist.github.com/908299, more context at http://altdevblogada

Lowercase copy for intent matching.

Block until at least min_mb MB free physical memory is available. The 14 GB ClickBench parquet pins ~10 GB in the OS file cache after each sl

Add an undo record for rollback.

True iff every ORDER BY clause is a plain column reference. The hot CollectFull / CollectTopN paths use this to skip expression evaluation entirely.

Fast path: build a group key string from vector data directly.

Convenience static factory methods for common types.