** this function handles only '%d', '%c', '%f', '%p', and '%s' conventional formats, plus Lua-specific '%I' and '%U' */

** Main operation for concatenation: concat 'total' values in the stack, ** from 'L->top - total' up to 'L->top - 1'. */

** Shift left operation. (Shift right just negates 'y'.) */

** creates a new string and anchors it in scanner's table so that ** it will not be collected until the end of the compilation ** (by that time it sho

** Let x = AB, where A is a prefix of length 'n'. Then, ** rotate x n == BA. But BA == (A^r . B^r)^r. */

credit @aqrit

** Traverse a list of tests, patching their destination address and ** registers: tests producing values jump to 'vtarget' (and put their ** values in

Gets the random number generator.

Compilers should be able to optimize this into the ror instruction.

Finalize thread, orphan heap

add two small integers, checking for overflow. we want an efficient operation. for msvc, where we don't have built-in intrinsics, this is still pretty