Method write

python/python3/tornado/web.py:818–848

Writes the given chunk to the output buffer. To write the output to the network, use the `flush()` method below. If the given chunk is a dictionary, we write it as JSON and set the Content-Type of the response to be ``application/json``. (if you want to send JSON as

(self, chunk: Union[str, bytes, dict])

        self.finish()

    def write(self, chunk: Union[str, bytes, dict]) -> None:
        """Writes the given chunk to the output buffer.

        To write the output to the network, use the `flush()` method below.

        If the given chunk is a dictionary, we write it as JSON and set
        the Content-Type of the response to be ``application/json``.
        (if you want to send JSON as a different ``Content-Type``, call
        ``set_header`` *after* calling ``write()``).

        Note that lists are not converted to JSON because of a potential
        cross-site security vulnerability.  All JSON output should be
        wrapped in a dictionary.  More details at
        http://haacked.com/archive/2009/06/25/json-hijacking.aspx/ and
        https://github.com/facebook/tornado/issues/1009
        """
        if self._finished:
            raise RuntimeError("Cannot write() after finish()")
        if not isinstance(chunk, (bytes, unicode_type, dict)):
            message = "write() only accepts bytes, unicode, and dict objects"
            if isinstance(chunk, list):
                message += (
                    ". Lists not accepted for security reasons; see "
                    + "http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/web.html#tornado.web.RequestHandler.write"  # noqa: E501
                )
            raise TypeError(message)
        if isinstance(chunk, dict):
            chunk = escape.json_encode(chunk)
            self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8")
        chunk = utf8(chunk)
        self._write_buffer.append(chunk)

    def render(self, template_name: str, **kwargs: Any) -> "Future[None]":
        """Renders the template with the given arguments as the response.